C2H6O

C2H6O, also known as ethanol or ethyl alcohol, refers to a single alcohol isomer among the two possible structures with this formula. The other is dimethyl ether (CH3–O–CH3). Ethanol is a volatile, colorless liquid widely used as a beverage component and as an industrial chemical.

Physically, ethanol has a boiling point of 78.37 C, a density of about 0.789 g/cm3 at 20 C, and is miscible with water. It forms hydrogen bonds, making it both a good solvent for polar and nonpolar compounds and a polar protic solvent. Its evaporation and flammability require appropriate handling and storage.

Ethanol is produced by yeast fermentation of sugars in foods and beverages. Industrially, it is obtained by catalytic hydration of ethene using a strong acid catalyst at high temperature and pressure. Ethanol can also be produced from biomass via fermentation or other biotechnological routes.

Major uses include alcoholic beverages, solvents for pharmaceuticals and inks, disinfectants and hand sanitizers, and as a fuel additive or fuel itself (as bioethanol). It is also a common feedstock for chemical synthesis, yielding acetaldehyde, ethyl esters, and a variety of derived chemicals.

Safety and handling: ethanol is flammable and forms vapour–air mixtures that can be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. At low exposures it is generally safe, but higher concentrations can cause central nervous system effects, respiratory irritation, and intoxication. It should be stored in well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and kept out of reach of children.