C17H35COOH

C17H35COOH is the condensed structural representation of stearic acid, also known as octadecanoic acid. It is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms, and its full molecular formula is C18H36O2. The chain is linear and contains no carbon–carbon double bonds, giving stearic acid a high melting point relative to shorter fatty acids.

Physical properties and structure: Stearic acid appears as a white, waxy solid at room temperature. It has a melting point around 69.3°C and is practically insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents such as alcohols and ether. In aqueous solution, it behaves as a weak acid with a carboxyl group that can donate a proton (pKa about 4.8), forming stearate salts with bases.

Occurrence and production: Stearic acid occurs abundantly in animal fats and plant fats, including tallow, cocoa butter, shea butter, and many vegetable oils. Industrially, it is obtained by saponification of fats and oils to yield glycerol and fatty acid salts, followed by acidification and purification. It can also be produced by hydrogenating unsaturated fatty acids (for example, converting oleic acid to stearic acid) or by distillation of purified fats and oils.

Uses and applications: Stearic acid is a major component in the production of soaps and detergents, especially as a thickener and surfactant in the form of stearates. It is used in cosmetics, candles, and as a lubricant or lubricant precursor. Stearic acid serves as a versatile building block for esters, glycerides, and various industrial intermediates.

Safety and handling: Stearic acid is relatively low in acute toxicity. It can be an irritant in high concentrations and should be handled with standard chemical hygiene practices, including proper ventilation and protective equipment. It is biodegradable and widely used in consumer products.