C12H25SO3Na

C12H25SO3Na is the molecular formula for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a widely used anionic surfactant. It consists of a sodium (Na) counterion attached to a dodecyl sulfate group, which comprises a 12-carbon alkyl chain (C12H25) linked to a sulfonate (SO3) functional group. SDS is a white, water-soluble powder or crystalline solid that exhibits strong detergent properties due to its amphiphilic nature, meaning it contains both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is primarily utilized in household and industrial cleaning products, including laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, and shampoos. Its ability to lower surface tension and emulsify oils and greases makes it highly effective as a surfactant. In laboratory settings, SDS is commonly employed as a detergent for protein purification, gel electrophoresis (particularly in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE), and other biochemical applications. It disrupts protein secondary and tertiary structures, aiding in separation and analysis.

The compound is also used in pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and as a wetting agent in various industrial processes. While generally considered safe for most applications, SDS can cause skin and eye irritation due to its surfactant properties. Proper handling and dilution are recommended to minimize potential hazards. Its chemical stability and versatility contribute to its widespread use across multiple industries.