Breakdownfeszültség

Breakdownfeszültség, also known as dielectric strength or breakdown voltage, refers to the maximum electric field a material can withstand before it begins to conduct electricity. When an electric field exceeding this value is applied across an insulating material, the insulator loses its ability to prevent current flow, and a phenomenon called dielectric breakdown occurs. This transition from an insulating state to a conductive state can be sudden and often results in irreversible damage to the material.

The breakdownfeszültség is a critical property for electrical insulators used in a wide range of applications, including power transmission lines, capacitors, and electronic components. It is typically measured in volts per unit of thickness (e.g., volts per millimeter or kilovolts per millimeter). Factors influencing breakdownfeszültség include the material's composition, its physical structure, temperature, humidity, and the presence of any impurities or defects. Different materials have vastly different breakdownfeszültség values, with some, like vacuum, having extremely high values, while others, like certain plastics, have lower but still significant capabilities. Understanding and controlling breakdownfeszültség is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical systems.