BowieDick

The Bowie-Dick test is a diagnostic procedure used to verify the performance of prevacuum steam sterilizers in healthcare settings by assessing air removal and steam penetration. It is performed with a standardized test pack that contains chemical indicators designed to respond to exposure to steam under vacuum conditions.

The test is named after its developers and dates from the mid-20th century, when it was created to detect failures in air removal by pre-vacuum sterilizers. It remains a routine quality-control tool in facilities that use high-vacuum steam sterilization.

Procedure involves placing the Bowie-Dick test pack inside the sterilizer chamber in a position recommended by the manufacturer, and running a standard prevacuum cycle that simulates typical operating conditions. After the cycle, the pack is opened and the indicators are inspected. A passing result shows the expected color changes on all indicators, indicating proper steam contact with all surfaces; a failing result shows incomplete color changes or areas that did not change color, suggesting trapped air or inadequate steam penetration.

Interpretation and follow-up focus on detecting air pockets and steam-distribution issues rather than sterilization of loads. A failure prompts investigation of the sterilizer’s vacuum system, door seals, steam supply, and chamber cleanliness, and often requires maintenance or recalibration before processing patient-related items.

Frequency and context: The Bowie-Dick test is typically performed daily or per facility policy before processing routine loads and is used alongside biological indicators as part of a sterilization-quality-control program to ensure consistent performance of prevacuum steam sterilizers.