Boletus

Boletus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae, order Boletales. Members are recognizable by a cap and stem bearing a fleshy, non-gilled underside composed of a network of pores. The pore surface forms tubes that release brown to olive-brown spores. The flesh is typically white to yellowish and may change color when cut or bruised. Spores are shed through the pore surface, leaving a brownish spore print.

Ecology and distribution: Boletus species are primarily ectomycorrhizal, forming mutualistic associations with the roots of trees, including oaks, pines, birches, and other hardwoods. They are commonly found on soil in temperate forests and fruit in summer to autumn in many regions, depending on climate and species. The genus has a wide distribution in Europe, North America, and parts of Asia.

Taxonomy and notable species: Boletus is a large and diverse genus within Boletaceae. The best-known species is Boletus edulis, commonly called porcini, which is valued for culinary use. The genus also includes species that are poisonous or cause gastrointestinal distress; for example, Boletus satanas is cited in field guides as toxic. Taxonomic revisions have moved some species previously placed in Boletus to other genera, but many remain classified within Boletus.

Edibility and safety: Some Boletus species are edible and sought after by foragers, especially porcini. Others can cause stomach upset, and misidentification with toxic bolete species is a safety concern. Proper identification and preparation are essential, and inexperienced foragers should consult reliable guides or experts.