Bogor

Bogor is a city in West Java, Indonesia, located about 60 kilometers south of Jakarta and surrounded by the Bogor Regency. The city sits in a highland tropical zone at roughly 200–300 meters above sea level, contributing to a cooler climate than coastal areas. It forms part of the greater Jakarta metropolitan area.

Historically known as Buitenzorg during Dutch colonial rule, Bogor was developed as a hill retreat for colonial officials. After Indonesian independence, it retained the Bogor Palace (Istana Bogor), the presidential residence, and became a center of government administration.

The city is home to Kebun Raya Bogor, the Bogor Botanical Gardens established in 1817, among Southeast Asia's oldest and most extensive plant collections. The gardens, museum facilities, and surrounding forests attract researchers and tourists. Also notable is the IPB University (Integrated Bogor Agricultural University), which originated in Bogor and remains a major educational institution in agriculture and related sciences.

Bogor has a well-developed transport link to Jakarta via the Jagorawi toll road and a railway line that serves Bogor Station. The climate is tropical rainforest (Af), with substantial rainfall year-round and a monsoon-influenced pattern; average temperatures are moderated by elevation.

The economy centers on services, education, research, and agriculture-based industries, with tourism anchored by the botanical gardens and the Palace complex. Bogor remains a popular weekend and day-trip destination for residents of Jakarta and the surrounding region.