Blóðþrýsting

Blóðþrýsting refers to the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It is a vital sign used to assess the effectiveness of the circulatory system. This pressure is generated by the heart's contractions, which pump blood throughout the body, and the resistance of the blood vessels. Blóðþrýsting is typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure is the higher number, representing the pressure when the heart beats, while diastolic pressure is the lower number, indicating the pressure when the heart rests between beats.

Normal blóðþrýsting varies depending on age, activity level, and overall health. However, a generally accepted healthy range for adults is around 120/80 mmHg. Consistently high blóðþrýsting, known as háþrýsting (hypertension), can damage blood vessels and organs over time, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems. Conversely, low blóðþrýsting, or lágþrýsting (hypotension), can lead to dizziness, fainting, and in severe cases, shock, though it is often less concerning than hypertension unless accompanied by symptoms. Factors influencing blóðþrýsting include genetics, diet, exercise, stress, and certain medical conditions. Monitoring blóðþrýsting regularly is crucial for maintaining good cardiovascular health.