Blutzuckererhöhung

Blutzuckererhöhung, also known as hyperglycemia, refers to a condition where the blood glucose level is higher than normal. This is a common finding in individuals with diabetes mellitus, both type 1 and type 2, but can also occur in other medical conditions or due to certain medications.

The body regulates blood sugar primarily through insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose from food be absorbed into cells for energy. When there isn't enough insulin, or the body's cells don't respond properly to insulin (insulin resistance), glucose accumulates in the bloodstream.

Symptoms of elevated blood sugar can include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. In the short term, hyperglycemia can lead to dehydration and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious condition. Over the long term, persistently high blood sugar can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, and feet.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood glucose tests, such as fasting blood glucose levels, random blood glucose tests, or an HbA1c test, which reflects average blood sugar over the past two to three months. Management of hyperglycemia usually involves lifestyle modifications like a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management. For many, medication, including oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin therapy, is also necessary. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial for effective management.