Bitumiset

Bitumiset are materials that contain bitumen as a major component. Bitumen is a viscous, hydrophobic hydrocarbon derived from crude oil and used as a binder, adhesive, or waterproofing agent in numerous applications. The term bitumiset covers a broad family of products produced or derived from bitumen, including different grades and formulations.

Common forms include neat or virgin bitumen used as a binder in asphalt concrete; polymer-modified bitumen (PMB), which blends bitumen with polymers to improve elasticity and temperature performance; bitumen emulsions, which suspend bitumen in water with surfactants for spray applications or surface treatments; cut-back bitumen, where solvents temporarily reduce viscosity (now restricted in many regions due to VOC emissions); and bituminous membranes used for roofing and damp-proofing.

Key properties of bitumiset are their hydrophobicity, adhesion to mineral substrates, and viscoelastic behavior that depends on temperature. Performance is influenced by grade indicators such as penetration, softening point, and, in modified products, the type and amount of additives. Aging from oxidation can increase brittleness over time, while proper formulation and application methods help sustain durability.

Production and handling vary by product. Bitumen itself is heated and blended with fillers and aggregates to form asphalt binders or mixtures. Emulsions are created by dispersing bitumen in water with surfactants. PMB materials combine polymers with bitumen to tailor mechanical properties. Handling requires controlled heating, ventilation, and adherence to safety and environmental regulations, particularly for solvent-containing or high-temperature processes.

Applications include road pavement, roofing and waterproofing membranes, damp-proofing layers, sealants, and adhesives. Recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement is common, contributing to material efficiency and reduced environmental impact.