Biorock

Biorock is a material created through a process called electrodeposition. This method uses a low voltage electrical current to cause minerals to precipitate from seawater onto a metal mesh structure. The dissolved minerals, primarily calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, gradually build up on the mesh, forming a hard, limestone-like substance. This living material is composed of the mineral matrix and the microorganisms that facilitate its formation.

The concept and development of Biorock technology are largely attributed to Dr. Wolf Hilbertz and later refined by Dr. Tom Goreau. The process is environmentally friendly, as it utilizes seawater and a small amount of electricity, often sourced from renewable energy like solar or wind power. Biorock can be grown into various shapes, allowing for diverse applications.

One of the most prominent uses of Biorock is in marine restoration. Structures grown from Biorock can serve as artificial reefs, providing a substrate for coral larvae to settle and grow. This aids in the recovery of damaged coral reefs and the creation of new marine habitats. Biorock structures are also used for coastal protection, acting as breakwaters that dissipate wave energy and reduce erosion. Additionally, the material has potential applications in wastewater treatment and the creation of building materials. The slow growth and self-repairing capabilities of Biorock make it a sustainable and adaptable material for a range of ecological and engineering purposes.