Biorezorbábilis

Biorezorbábilis is a term used in materials science and biology to describe systems, devices, or substances that can be broken down and absorbed by living tissue or biological processes in a controlled, intended manner. In practice, biorezorbábilis materials degrade over time when placed in a physiological environment, and the degradation products are typically non-toxic and eliminable by the body.

Etymology: The term blends bio- from life with resorbabilis, a Latinized form of resorbable; the diaeresis accent on á reflects use in some European languages to denote emphasis or phonetic nuance. The term is used mainly in discussions of temporary implants and tissue engineering.

Mechanisms: Degradation occurs through hydrolysis, enzymatic action, oxidation, or cell-mediated resorption. Degradation rate and pathways depend on the material's chemical structure, molecular weight, crystallinity, and local environment (pH, enzymes, temperature). Byproducts such as lactic or glycolic acid, water, carbon dioxide, or calcium salts are typically released and can enter normal metabolic pathways.

Materials: Common biorezorbábilis substances include synthetic polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and polycaprolactone (PCL); natural polymers like collagen. Bioceramics such as beta-tricalcium phosphate also demonstrate resorbable behavior under biological conditions.

Applications: Biorezorbábilis materials are used for temporary implants (sutures, bone fixation devices), tissue-engineering scaffolds, wound dressings, and drug-delivery systems. They are valued for eliminating the need for device removal and reducing chronic foreign-body presence, provided degradation aligns with tissue healing.

Challenges: Achieving precise control over degradation rates, maintaining adequate mechanical strength during healing, and minimizing inflammatory or acidic byproducts are ongoing research areas. Patient-to-patient variability and sterilization effects can also affect performance.