Biolistic

Biolistic is a term used to describe a process of introducing genetic material into cells or organisms using a high-pressure gas or a physical force that shatters metal or glass particles. This method is often used in plant and animal research to deliver foreign DNA into cells.

The biolistic process, also known as microprojectile bombardment, uses a device called a biolistic gun to propel DNA-coated particles onto a surface, such as a plant cell or organ. The resulting impact creates a small hole in the cell wall, allowing the DNA to enter the cell. This can lead to temporary or permanent genetic modification of the cell or organism.

Biolistic technology was developed in the 1980s by John Sanford and Howell F. Shields as a means of introducing foreign DNA into plant cells. The technique has since been used for various applications, including genetic engineering, gene expression analysis, and plant transformation.

Researchers have successfully used biolistic to introduce genetic material into plant species, including crops and model organisms. The method can deliver DNA into surrounding tissues, allowing for efficient gene expression and gene transfer. Moreover, biolistic can help reduce the amount of DNA needed for transformation, decreasing the time and resources required for the process.

The potential of biolistic technology has been recognized for its applications in biotechnology, agriculture, and biomedical research. While the method presents some limitations and challenges, it remains a versatile tool for scientists working with genetic material and cellular biology applications.