Biohõlpsad

Biohõlpsad are biodegradable and often bio-based wrapping films and related flexible packaging materials designed to replace conventional plastic wraps. In Estonian usage the term typically refers to films, wraps and coatings made from plant-derived polymers that degrade under appropriate conditions, reducing persistent plastic waste.

Biomaterials used for biohõlpsad include polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), starch-based blends, cellulose derivatives and other bio-based polymers. Some formulations are designed to be compostable in industrial facilities, while others may be home-compostable. Standards such as EN 13432 and OK compost HOME are commonly cited to indicate compostability, though performances vary by product and end-use conditions. Barrier properties (permeability to moisture and gases), heat resistance and mechanical strength are important considerations for each application.

Applications of biohõlpsad cover a range of packaging needs, including food wraps, produce bags, single-use films for fresh goods, and certain agricultural uses such as mulch or protective coatings. They are promoted as part of broader strategies to reduce plastic pollution and reliance on fossil-based materials, particularly when sourced from renewable feedstocks and properly disposed of in appropriate composting streams.

Challenges and limitations include higher production costs relative to conventional plastics, variable barrier performance, and sensitivity to humidity and heat. Availability of end-of-life infrastructure—industrial or domestic composting—greatly influences real-world outcomes. Not all biohõlpsad are suitable replacements in every setting, and some may degrade into residues if disposed of improperly. Ongoing research aims to improve barrier properties, scalability, and compatibility with existing recycling and composting systems, while policy and consumer demand continue to shape adoption.