Biogeograafilisi

Biogeograafilisi refers to things related to biogeography, the scientific study of the geographic distribution of living organisms across space and through time. Biogeography seeks to explain why certain species occur where they do, how distributions arise and change, and how environmental factors, historical events, and evolutionary processes shape biodiversity.

Biogeography is typically divided into historical biogeography, which reconstructs past distributions from fossils, phylogenies, and plate tectonics, and ecological or contemporary biogeography, which examines present-day patterns in relation to climate, habitat, and species interactions. Core concepts include vicariance (the fragmentation of ranges by barriers such as mountains or oceans), dispersal and colonization, endemism, and the delineation of biogeographic realms or regions that harbor distinctive assemblages of species.

Methods used in biogeography include phylogeography and molecular dating to infer historical connections, fossil records to calibrate timelines, and species distribution modeling or ecological niche modeling to predict ranges under current and future climates, often using geographic information systems (GIS). Applications include biodiversity conservation planning, assessment of climate change impacts on species ranges, management of invasive species, and restoration ecology. Notable examples include the Wallace Line’s representation of faunal breaks between Asia and Australia, Madagascar’s endemic fauna, and the Cape Floristic Region’s plant diversity.

In some languages, biogeograafilisi is the adjectival form used to describe biogeographical phenomena.