Bikol

Bikol, commonly spelled Bicol, refers to the Bicol Region of the Philippines and to the cluster of related languages spoken there. The term encompasses the region’s people, culture, and languages collectively known as the Bikol or Bicol languages.

Geography and people: Located in the southeastern part of Luzon, the region comprises six provinces—Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Masbate, and Sorsogon. Its regional center is Legazpi City. The area features Mayon Volcano and a long Pacific coastline, with diverse landscapes that support agriculture, fishing, and growing tourism.

Language: The Bikol languages form a group of related Austronesian languages spoken across the region and adjacent areas. Central Bikol is the most widely used variety; other major varieties include Northern Bikol and Southern Bikol. They are written in the Latin script and include many Spanish and English loanwords due to historical contact.

Culture and cuisine: Bicolano culture is known for vibrant folk traditions and distinctive cuisine that relies on coconut milk and chili peppers. Popular dishes include Bicol Express and Laing. Religious and regional festivals, such as the Peñafrancia Festival in Naga City, are important cultural events.

History and economy: The region has a precolonial history of indigenous polities and later Spanish and American influence. Today, the economy is anchored in agriculture (coconut, abaca, rice), fishing, and growing tourism centered on natural attractions and volcanic scenery.