Bihåla

Bihåla, also known as maxillary sinusitis, is an inflammation or infection of the maxillary sinuses, which are hollow spaces located within the cheeks, above and to the side of the nose. This condition is a subset of rhinosinusitis, as the maxillary sinuses are connected to the nasal passages. Bihåla is typically caused by viral infections, but bacterial or fungal infections, as well as allergies or structural issues, can also contribute to its development.

The primary symptoms of bihåla include facial pain or pressure, often around the cheeks, nose, and teeth, which may worsen when bending forward. Other symptoms can include nasal congestion, a reduced sense of smell, thick nasal secretions, a feeling of fullness in the ears, and sometimes a mild fever. In chronic cases, individuals may experience fatigue, dental pain, or bad breath.

Diagnosis of bihåla usually involves a physical examination, where a healthcare provider may tap the cheeks to identify tender areas. Additional diagnostic tools can include nasal endoscopy, imaging studies like X-rays or CT scans, and sometimes cultures of nasal secretions to identify the causative agent.

Treatment for bihåla depends on the underlying cause. Viral infections typically resolve on their own with supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Bacterial infections may require antibiotics, while fungal infections are treated with antifungal medications. Nasal decongestants, saline nasal sprays, and antihistamines can help alleviate symptoms. In chronic or severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain the sinuses.

Preventive measures include managing allergies, avoiding irritants, practicing good hand hygiene, and using a humidifier to keep nasal passages moist. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.