Bevægelsesfrihed

Bevægelsesfrihed, often translated as freedom of movement, is a fundamental human right and a core concept in political philosophy and international law. It generally refers to the liberty of an individual to move freely within a territory and to leave any country, including their own, and to return to their country. This right is recognized in various international human rights treaties, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

In a broader sense, bevægelsesfrihed can also encompass the ability to change one's residence or employment without undue restriction. It is closely linked to other freedoms, including freedom of association and freedom of assembly, as the ability to move is often a prerequisite for exercising these rights. The concept is not absolute and can be subject to limitations, typically prescribed by law and necessary for reasons such as national security, public order, public health, or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.

Historically, restrictions on movement have been used by states for various purposes, including controlling populations, enforcing social hierarchies, and preventing dissent. The concept of bevægelsesfrihed has evolved significantly with the development of modern nation-states and international human rights norms, emphasizing individual autonomy and the importance of open borders for economic and social progress. Debates surrounding immigration, asylum, and the rights of refugees often center on the interpretation and application of bevægelsesfrihed.