Bernia

Bernia is a geographical name used for several places in the Valencian Community of Spain, with the most prominent reference being the Bernia mountain range in Alicante Province. The Sierra de Bernia forms a limestone massif that rises above the coastal plain near towns such as Benissa and Jalón, running roughly in a northwest–southeast direction. The range creates a natural barrier between the Costa Blanca hinterland and the inland valleys and is characterized by rugged cliffs, scrubland, and pine forests. Its landscapes offer panoramic views of the Mediterranean coastline and the surrounding countryside, making it a popular destination for hikers and climbers. The Bernia Pass is a historic route that has long linked coastal settlements with inland communities.

Historically, the Bernia area shows evidence of early human activity in broader regional records, followed by later Iberian and Roman presence in the surrounding valleys. In the medieval and early modern periods, the mountains were integrated into defensive networks to protect important transit routes through the region. Archaeological remains and local traditions reflect a long-standing cultural and strategic importance attached to the Bernia massif.

Economy and culture in the Bernia region are shaped by tourism, rural agriculture, and the preservation of natural heritage. Local communities maintain a tradition of crafts and agricultural products that suit the temperate, Mediterranean climate. The area remains notable for its outdoor recreation opportunities, biodiversity, and contributions to regional identity in the Alicante province.

See also: Sierra de Bernia, Bernia Pass.