Bergketten

Bergketten, also known as mountain ranges, are extensive chains of mountains. They are formed through various geological processes, most commonly tectonic plate collisions. As tectonic plates converge, the Earth's crust is uplifted, folded, and faulted, creating elevated landforms. Volcanic activity can also contribute to the formation of mountain ranges, either through the accumulation of lava flows or the collapse of volcanic cones. Erosion, primarily by glaciers and rivers, then shapes these elevated areas over millions of years, carving out valleys and peaks.

The geographical distribution of mountain ranges is extensive, covering significant portions of the Earth's landmass. Prominent examples include the Himalayas, the Andes, the Rocky Mountains, and the Alps. These ranges often act as significant geographical barriers, influencing climate patterns, drainage systems, and biodiversity. They can also be rich in mineral resources. Human settlement in mountain regions presents unique challenges and opportunities, often leading to specialized cultures and economies adapted to the terrain and climate. The study of mountain ranges falls under the disciplines of geology, geography, and geomorphology.