Benzalkoniumchlorid

Benzalkonium chloride, often abbreviated as BAC or BKC, is a quaternary ammonium compound. It functions as a surfactant, antiseptic, and disinfectant. Its chemical structure consists of a positively charged nitrogen atom bonded to four alkyl groups, one of which is a long hydrocarbon chain, and three methyl groups. This structure allows it to disrupt cell membranes of microorganisms.

Benzalkonium chloride is commonly found in a wide range of consumer and industrial products. These include over-the-counter antiseptic wipes, hand sanitizers, nasal sprays, eye drops, and cleaning solutions. Its efficacy against bacteria, viruses, and fungi makes it a valuable ingredient for hygiene and disinfection purposes. In some applications, it is also used as a preservative to prevent microbial growth in cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations.

The concentration of benzalkonium chloride in products varies depending on its intended use. While generally considered safe at typical usage levels, it can be an irritant to skin and eyes at higher concentrations. Environmental considerations are also important, as it can be toxic to aquatic life. Despite these considerations, its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and surfactant properties ensure its continued widespread use.