Bektashian

Bektashian refers to a Sufi religious order founded in the 13th century by Haji Bektash Veli in Anatolia. The order is known for its liberal interpretation of Islam and its syncretic practices, incorporating elements from various traditions. Bektashism emphasizes love, tolerance, and a direct personal relationship with God, often transcending strict adherence to Sharia law.

The Bektashi Dede, or spiritual leader, holds a central position within the community. Initiation into the order involves a series of rites and ceremonies, and followers progress through different ranks. While historically influential, particularly among the Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire, the Bektashi order faced suppression in the 19th century.

Despite persecution, Bektashism survived and re-emerged. Today, it is a recognized religious minority in Albania, where it has its world headquarters. Bektashi beliefs often include veneration of saints, a mystical interpretation of the Quran, and a focus on inner spiritual development. Their places of worship are known as *cemevi* or *tekke*. The order's philosophy promotes equality between men and women and has a decentralized structure, with shrines and communities spread across various regions.