Bazar

A bazar, also spelled bazaar, is a permanent marketplace consisting of a network of stalls and shops where merchants trade a wide range of goods. The term originates from the Persian word bāzār, which entered Turkish and other languages; in many Arab-speaking regions the related terms souk or suq are used for similar markets. Bazaars are especially common in the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, and parts of Central Asia and the Caucasus, though the concept appears in various forms worldwide.

Historically, bazaars have been central to urban life and regional trade, often located in the heart of a city and arranged into arcaded lanes or courtyards. Merchants typically specialize by product type, with sections dedicated to spices, textiles, carpets, metals, leather goods, jewelry, foodstuffs, and crafts. Architecture in traditional bazaars frequently features covered walkways to provide shade and shelter from the elements, along with intricate detailing and gateways that signal entry into different districts. Notable examples include the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul and the Bazaar of Tabriz, both renowned for their size, history, and enduring role in commerce.

Beyond commerce, bazaars function as social and cultural hubs, places for bargaining, negotiation, and everyday interaction. They are often regulated by guilds or local authorities and contribute to local economies through employment, tourism, and the sale of artisanal goods.

In the modern era, bazaars face competition from supermarkets, malls, and online shopping, prompting preservation efforts and adaptive reuses. Some markets retain a traditional atmosphere and steady footfall, while others incorporate modern facilities, eateries, and events to preserve their relevance in contemporary urban life.