Batteristyrsystem

Batteristyrsystem, often abbreviated as BMS, is an electronic control system that monitors and manages rechargeable battery packs to ensure safe operation, longevity and optimal performance. It is a fundamental component in electric vehicles, stationary energy storage systems and many portable devices that rely on lithium-ion or other chemistries.

The primary functions of a batteristyrsystem include monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of individual cells or cell groups; estimating state of charge (SoC), state of health (SoH) and available power; and performing cell balancing to prevent voltage drift between cells. It also provides protection against conditions such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, short circuits and excessive temperatures, and it interfaces with cooling systems, fault-detection mechanisms and higher-level controllers. In addition, the BMS logs data, reports faults and supports diagnostics for maintenance and safety audits.

Architectures vary across applications. Centralized systems rely on a single main unit to manage the pack, while distributed or modular designs place processing near the cells or modules for scalability and redundancy. The BMS collects data from voltage and temperature sensors and communicates with the vehicle or energy storage system controller via standard communication buses such as CAN, LIN or others. Balancing methods are typically passive (dissipating excess energy as heat) or active (transferring charge between cells).

Standards and practice emphasize safety, reliability and lifecycle management. A BMS is designed to enable safe charging and discharging, protect against thermal runaway, support fault diagnosis, and extend battery life. As battery packs grow in size and complexity, the BMS becomes increasingly central to performance, safety and system integration.