Barnfödselsår

Barnfödselsår, often translated as "birthmarks," refers to discolored or raised areas of skin that are present at birth or appear shortly after. These marks are caused by an overgrowth of blood vessels, pigment cells, or other skin cells. They are generally benign and do not require treatment, though some may fade over time.

There are two main categories of birthmarks: vascular and pigmented. Vascular birthmarks develop from an abnormal formation of blood vessels. Examples include hemangiomas, which are often red or purplish, and port-wine stains, which are flat and pink or red at birth, darkening with age. Pigmented birthmarks are caused by an overgrowth of melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Common types include moles (nevi), café-au-lait spots, and Mongolian spots.

The exact cause of most birthmarks is not fully understood, but they are not related to anything the mother did or did not do during pregnancy. In rare cases, a birthmark may be associated with a more serious underlying medical condition, and a doctor may recommend further investigation. While most birthmarks are harmless, cosmetic concerns or the risk of injury can sometimes lead to a decision for removal, which may involve laser therapy or surgical excision.