Baopuzi

Baopuzi is a Taoist text attributed to Ge Hong, a scholar and alchemist who lived during the Jin dynasty in China. The title, which translates to "Master Who Embraces Simplicity," reflects Ge Hong's belief in the importance of simplicity and detachment from worldly concerns. The work is divided into two parts: the inner chapters and the outer chapters. The inner chapters are concerned with attaining immortality through various alchemical practices, dietary regimens, and spiritual cultivation. Ge Hong details the creation of elixirs, the use of herbs, and methods for prolonging life, believing that physical immortality was achievable through diligent practice.

The outer chapters, on the other hand, focus on more practical matters, including social ethics, governance, and the refutation of various philosophical and religious ideas that Ge Hong disagreed with. He discusses Confucian principles, legalism, and Buddhism, offering his own interpretations and critiques. Baopuzi is considered a seminal work in the history of Taoism, particularly in the development of religious Taoism and its alchemical traditions. It provides valuable insights into the intellectual and spiritual landscape of the Jin dynasty and the pursuit of longevity and immortality. The text's influence can be seen in later Taoist literature and practices, making it a significant document for understanding ancient Chinese thought.