Bambusoideae

Bambusoideae is a subfamily of the grasses (Poaceae) that includes all species commonly known as bamboo. It comprises both woody bamboos and, in some lineages, herbaceous forms. The subfamily is traditionally divided into three tribes: Arundinarieae (temperate woody bamboos), Bambuseae (tropical woody bamboos), and Olyreae (herbaceous bamboos).

Morphology and growth: Bamboos are characterized by hollow, segmented culms with distinct nodes and internodes. They grow from rhizomes, which can be clumping or running. Leaves are usually alternately arranged and simple. Growth rates vary, with some species among the fastest-growing land plants.

Ecology and distribution: Bamboo species are distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of Asia, Africa, the Americas and Australasia. They occupy a range of habitats from forests and grasslands to riverbanks. Many species have long-lived culms and, in some, mass flowering occurs at long, irregular intervals, followed by seed production and often die-back.

Uses and significance: Bamboo is economically important for timber, construction, furniture, paper, and handicrafts, and for edible shoots in many cuisines. It also plays a key ecological role in some habitats and is a major food source for several species, including giant pandas and red pandas. In many cultures, bamboo holds symbolic value and is used ornamentally in landscaping.

Taxonomy and conservation: The Bambusoideae classification has been refined with molecular data, but still recognizes three main lineages within the subfamily. Some bamboo species are threatened by habitat loss and overharvesting, and conservation efforts focus on habitat protection and sustainable harvest.