Bahnstrecke

Bahnstrecke, literally meaning “railway line” in German, denotes a defined stretch of railway infrastructure used for the operation of trains. It refers to the fixed physical section of track and its accompanying systems that connect stations, yards, and terminals, enabling passenger and freight movements.

A Bahnstrecke comprises more than rails and ballast. It includes track components such as sleepers and switches, as well as signaling and safety systems, power supply networks for electric traction, and communications and control facilities. Stations, signaling centers, maintenance depots, and pedestrian level crossings are part of the broader infrastructure that serves a given line. The line may be single-track or double-track, and infrastructure is designed to accommodate various service patterns, from local and regional to long-distance and high-capacity freight.

Lines are typically classified by usage and hierarchical importance. Hauptstrecken (main lines) are designed for high capacity, higher speeds, and longer-distance traffic, while Nebenstrecken (branch lines) serve regional or local needs with generally lower traffic levels. Some Bahnstrecken are electrified, using overhead cables or third rails, and may be equipped with modern signaling systems, including European Train Control System (ETCS) in applicable regions.

Gauge, electrification, and construction standards vary by country and region, though standard gauge is common in much of Europe. Governance and maintenance are managed by national or private infrastructure owners, who coordinate with train operators to optimize capacity, safety, and reliability.