Autoóctono

Autoóctono is a term used in scientific and academic contexts, particularly in biology and ecology, to describe species or organisms that are native to a specific region or geographical area. It signifies that the species originated and evolved in that particular location, rather than being introduced from elsewhere. The opposite of autoóctono is alóctono, which refers to species that have been introduced into an area outside of their natural range.

Understanding whether a species is autoóctono or alóctono is crucial for conservation efforts and ecological management. Autoóctono species are an integral part of the local ecosystem and have co-evolved with other native organisms, playing specific roles in the food web and environmental processes. Their presence contributes to the biodiversity and stability of the region.

Conversely, alóctono species, often referred to as non-native or invasive species, can disrupt these delicate ecological balances. They may outcompete native species for resources, introduce diseases, or alter habitats, leading to a decline in native biodiversity. Therefore, identifying and distinguishing between autoóctono and alóctono species is a fundamental step in assessing the health of an ecosystem and developing effective strategies to protect its natural heritage. The term is derived from Greek roots, with "auto-" meaning "self" and "chthon" meaning "earth" or "land," literally translating to "of the earth itself."