Autoksidaation

Autoksidaation, also known as auto-oxidation, is a spontaneous oxidation process that occurs in organic compounds when exposed to oxygen, typically from the surrounding environment. This chemical reaction involves the interaction of oxygen molecules with susceptible sites within molecules, leading to the formation of peroxides, hydroperoxides, and other oxidative products. Autoksidaation is a common phenomenon in fatty acids, oils, and various biological molecules, where it often results in degradation or spoilage.

In biological systems, autoksidaation can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may contribute to cellular damage, aging, and various diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. The process is influenced by factors such as temperature, presence of catalysts like metals, light exposure, and the degree of unsaturation within molecules. Unsaturated lipids, particularly those with multiple double bonds, are especially prone to autoksidaation.

To prevent or minimize autoksidaation, antioxidants are often employed. These compounds can donate electrons to reactive species, effectively halting the chain reaction of oxidation. Common antioxidants include vitamin E, vitamin C, and synthetic compounds like butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

Understanding autoksidaation is important in various industries, including food preservation, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, to ensure product stability and safety. Controlling this process helps extend shelf life, maintain quality, and reduce potential adverse health effects related to oxidative damage.