Atsüüljodiide

Atsüüljodiide refers to a class of chemical compounds that contain the iodine atom bonded to an acyl group. The general formula for an acyl iodide is R-C(=O)-I, where R represents an alkyl or aryl group. These compounds are typically derived from carboxylic acids, where the hydroxyl group is replaced by an iodine atom. Acyl iodides are reactive electrophiles due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the carbonyl group and the relatively weak carbon-iodine bond.

Acyl iodides are often synthesized through reactions involving carboxylic acids or their salts with iodinating agents. For example, phosphorus triiodide or thionyl iodide can be used to convert carboxylic acids into acyl iodides. These reactions typically proceed with good yields.

Due to their high reactivity, acyl iodides are useful reagents in organic synthesis. They readily undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions with various nucleophiles such as alcohols, amines, and water. With alcohols, they form esters, and with amines, they form amides. These transformations are important for the formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. Acyl iodides are also employed in Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions to introduce acyl groups onto aromatic rings. However, their sensitivity to moisture necessitates careful handling and storage under anhydrous conditions.