Atrizes

Atrizes are women who perform as actors in theater, film, television, and other performance media. The term is used in Portuguese-speaking contexts to refer to female performers; the masculine form is ator and the plural is atores. In English-language contexts the term actress is commonly used, but the gender-neutral term actor is increasingly adopted in many languages.

Historically, women’s participation in performance has varied by culture. In Western theater, women began appearing on stage in the early modern period, while many other traditions had earlier or different practices. Today, atrizes work across genres and formats, from classical theater to streaming television and independent film.

Career paths for atrizes typically involve formal training, auditions, and professional networks. Education may cover acting technique, voice, movement, and language work; many pursue degrees or conservatory programs, workshops, and internships. Employment includes film studios, television networks, theater companies, and festival projects. Awards and critical recognition can elevate a career, while unions and guilds help protect working conditions and rights.

Issues affecting atrizes include representation, pay equity, age and body diversity, and access to behind-the-camera roles such as directing and producing. Some markets have made progress through industry initiatives, public funding, and inclusion policies, though disparities remain.

Notable atrizes have influenced global cinema and theater, such as Meryl Streep, Cate Blanchett, Viola Davis, and Penélope Cruz. See also actor, actress, performing arts.