Atomimassspektroskoopia

Atomimassspektroskoopia, also known as mass spectrometry, is an analytical technique used to determine the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions generated from a sample. This method provides detailed information about the chemical composition, structure, and physical properties of substances. It is widely applied in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, physics, and materials science for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

The process begins with ionization, where atoms or molecules in the sample are converted into charged particles (ions). Common ionization methods include electron ionization (EI), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), and electrospray ionization (ESI). These ions are then accelerated through an electric or magnetic field, causing them to separate based on their mass-to-charge ratio. Detectors measure the resulting ion currents, producing a mass spectrum—a graphical representation of intensity versus m/z values.

Atomimassspektroskoopia offers high sensitivity and precision, making it suitable for detecting trace amounts of substances. It can identify isotopes, determine molecular weights, and analyze complex mixtures. Variations of the technique, such as tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), allow for more detailed structural elucidation by fragmenting ions in multiple stages.

Applications span drug discovery, environmental monitoring, forensic analysis, and proteomics. For example, in proteomics, mass spectrometry helps identify proteins by analyzing peptide fragments. The technique continues to evolve with advancements in instrumentation and computational methods, expanding its capabilities in research and industry.