AtoG

AtoG is a term most often encountered in genetics and genomics, where it denotes an adenine (A) to guanine (G) nucleotide substitution. When written as A→G, it describes a single base change at a genomic position, typically categorized as a transition since it replaces one purine with another purine.

In genomic data and analyses, A→G changes appear as part of mutation spectra and can reflect several biological processes. They may arise from replication errors, spontaneous deamination, or oxidative damage, and they are frequently observed in population genetics studies. In RNA sequencing and editing analyses, A→G changes can indicate RNA editing events, notably A-to-I editing, which is read as A to G in many sequencing datasets. Distinguishing true genomic A→G substitutions from RNA editing signals often requires careful experimental design and cross-referencing DNA and RNA data.

Outside of biology, AtoG can function as an acronym or label in various non-scientific contexts, including organizational names, product identifiers, or project codes. Because it is a generic string, its meaning is context-dependent and not tied to a single entity without additional information.

See also: A→G substitution; transition mutation; RNA editing; ADAR enzymes.