Atheroskleroosissa

Atherosclerosis is a medical condition characterized by the thickening and hardening of artery walls. This process is caused by a buildup of plaque, which is composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, this plaque can narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow to vital organs.

The exact cause of atherosclerosis is not fully understood, but several risk factors are known to contribute to its development. These include high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a family history of the condition. Age is also a significant factor, as the risk of atherosclerosis increases with age.

Symptoms of atherosclerosis vary depending on the arteries affected and the severity of the blockage. In many cases, there are no symptoms until a significant blockage occurs, leading to complications such as heart attack, stroke, or peripheral artery disease. When symptoms do appear, they can include chest pain, shortness of breath, numbness or weakness in the limbs, and difficulty speaking.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, electrocardiograms (ECG), and imaging studies like angiography. Treatment aims to slow or stop the progression of the disease and prevent complications. This may involve lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, as well as medications to control cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar. In some cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary.