Aspergilóza

Aspergilóza is a medical condition caused by infection with fungi of the genus Aspergillus. These fungi are ubiquitous in the environment, commonly found in soil, decaying organic matter, and dust. Most people are exposed to Aspergillus spores regularly without ill effects, as a healthy immune system can typically fight off infection. However, individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients, or those with chronic lung diseases like cystic fibrosis or COPD, are at a higher risk of developing aspergillosis.

The symptoms of aspergillosis vary depending on the site of infection and the individual's immune status. Invasive aspergillosis, which occurs when the fungus spreads to other parts of the body, is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Symptoms can include fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Fungal balls, known as aspergillomas, can form in pre-existing lung cavities, leading to coughing up blood. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic reaction to Aspergillus, causing wheezing, shortness of breath, and mucus production.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests like chest X-rays or CT scans, and laboratory tests such as blood tests for fungal antigens or antibodies, and microscopic examination or culture of tissue samples or bodily fluids. Treatment for aspergillosis usually involves antifungal medications, with the specific drug and duration of treatment depending on the severity and location of the infection. In some cases, surgery may be required to remove fungal masses. Prevention focuses on minimizing exposure to Aspergillus spores, particularly for immunocompromised individuals, by improving air filtration and reducing dust.