Aseptikka

Aseptikka, or aseptic technique, refers to a set of practices designed to prevent the introduction of microorganisms into a sterile field or onto vulnerable sites. The aim is to reduce infection risk during surgeries, invasive medical procedures, wound care, laboratory work, and the preparation and handling of sterile products.

Core elements include thorough hand hygiene, use of sterile gloves and instruments, sterilization of equipment, and the creation and maintenance of a sterile field. Skin antisepsis, proper disinfection of surfaces, and the use of protective barriers such as gowns, masks, and drapes are also essential.

Aseptic technique is often contrasted with medical asepsis (clean technique) and surgical asepsis (sterile technique). Medical asepsis reduces transmission of microorganisms through routine practices, whereas surgical asepsis aims to maintain complete sterility for invasive procedures.

Common methods to achieve asepsis include sterilization of instruments by autoclave or other methods, and the use of antiseptics on living tissue and disinfectants on inanimate surfaces. Despite strict adherence, aseptic technique cannot guarantee absolute sterility, but it substantially lowers infection risk.

History notes: The principles emerged from the work of Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister in the 19th century, leading to widespread adoption of hand hygiene, antiseptics, and sterile operating environments.