Asbest

Asbest refers to a group of naturally occurring silicate minerals that form long, thin fibrous crystals. Noted for their strength, flexibility, and resistance to heat and chemicals, asbestos has been used in a wide range of industrial and construction applications.

The most common commercial forms are chrysotile (white asbestos), amosite (brown), and crocidolite (blue). The other six minerals classified as asbestos include tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite, which occur as fibrous impurities and are far less common. All forms can cause health risks when inhaled.

Historically used in insulation, fireproofing, cement, roofing, brake linings, gaskets, and various consumer products, asbestos saw widespread use in the 20th century. Today many countries have banned or restricted its use, and some older buildings still contain asbestos-containing materials.

Health effects include asbestosis, a scarring of lung tissue; several cancers such as lung cancer and mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining around the lungs or abdomen. The diseases typically have long latency periods and risk depends on exposure level, duration, and fiber type.

Safety and regulation: In many jurisdictions, handling or removal of asbestos-bearing materials is restricted to licensed professionals using protective equipment and containment measures. Unintentional disturbance can release fibers into the air; disposal requires approved waste procedures.