Arteriogenes

Arteriogenesis is a physiological process by which existing arteries grow in diameter. This expansion is distinct from angiogenesis, which involves the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Arteriogenesis is primarily driven by increased blood flow and shear stress on the arterial wall, often occurring in response to conditions like chronic ischemia or exercise. The mechanical forces stimulate endothelial cells lining the artery, leading to their proliferation and migration, as well as the recruitment of smooth muscle cells. This remodels the vessel wall, increasing its diameter and capacity to handle the elevated blood flow.

The process is complex and involves a cascade of molecular signaling pathways. Growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) play crucial roles. Cytokines and inflammatory mediators are also involved in regulating the cellular responses within the arterial wall. Arteriogenesis is a significant compensatory mechanism in the cardiovascular system, helping to restore blood supply to tissues that have been deprived of oxygen. However, dysregulation of arteriogenesis can contribute to vascular diseases. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying arteriogenesis is important for developing therapeutic strategies to promote vessel growth and improve blood flow in various pathological conditions.