Arteriitide

Arteriitide is a general term for a group of inflammatory diseases that affect the arteries. Inflammation in the artery walls can cause them to thicken, weaken, or narrow, which can restrict blood flow and lead to serious health problems. These conditions can affect arteries of any size, anywhere in the body. The exact causes of most arteriitides are not fully understood, but they are often thought to be autoimmune in nature, meaning the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Genetic factors and environmental triggers may also play a role.

Symptoms of arteriitides vary widely depending on which arteries are affected and the severity of the inflammation. Common symptoms can include fever, fatigue, weight loss, and general malaise. Specific symptoms may arise from reduced blood flow to organs or tissues, such as pain, numbness, vision problems, or organ damage. For example, giant cell arteritis, a common form, often affects the arteries in the head and neck, leading to headaches, jaw pain, and potential vision loss. Other types, like polyarteritis nodosa, can affect medium-sized arteries throughout the body, potentially causing kidney problems, skin rashes, or nerve damage.

Diagnosis of arteriitides typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests (to detect inflammation markers), and imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI to visualize the affected arteries. A biopsy of an affected artery may sometimes be necessary for definitive diagnosis. Treatment usually focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing damage to arteries and organs. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive medications are commonly used. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing arteriitides and improving outcomes.