Apokrineja

Apokrineja refers to a specific type of sweat gland found in humans and some other mammals. These glands are primarily located in hairy regions of the skin, such as the armpits (axillae), groin, nipples, and around the anus. Unlike eccrine glands, which are widespread and produce a watery sweat primarily for thermoregulation, apocrine glands are larger and secrete a thicker, more viscous fluid that contains proteins, lipids, and other organic substances.

The secretion from apokrineja is odorless in its initial form but becomes malodorous when broken down by bacteria on the skin’s surface. This process is influenced by hormones, particularly androgens, which explains why apocrine gland activity tends to increase during puberty and why body odor is often more pronounced in adults. The exact function of apocrine sweat remains debated, though it is thought to play a role in pheromone communication, social signaling, or possibly even emotional expression.

Apocrine glands are most active during periods of emotional stress, physical exertion, or sexual arousal. Their secretions are also rich in fatty acids and proteins, which can attract microorganisms, contributing to the characteristic body odor associated with these glands. Unlike eccrine glands, apokrineja are not directly involved in temperature regulation but may have evolved for other social or physiological purposes.

In medical contexts, apocrine gland dysfunction or blockage can lead to conditions such as hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Proper hygiene, including regular washing and the use of antiperspirants or deodorants, helps manage the odor and potential complications associated with apocrine sweat.