Antióchia

Antióchia is a historical region and ancient city located in what is now southeastern Turkey, near the modern city of Antakya. It was a significant urban center in the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods. Founded in the 4th century BCE by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, the city quickly grew to become a major metropolis and the capital of the Seleucid Empire. Its strategic location on the Orontes River and near the Mediterranean Sea facilitated trade and cultural exchange.

Under Roman rule, Antiochia became the capital of the province of Syria and was renowned for its wealth, size, and cosmopolitan population. It was a vibrant center of learning and culture, boasting impressive architecture, including a famous amphitheater and a large harbor. The city also played a crucial role in the early spread of Christianity, with a significant Jewish community and early Christian followers residing there. Saint Paul the Apostle visited Antiochia, and it was here that followers of Jesus were first called "Christians."

During the Byzantine era, Antiochia remained an important city, though it faced challenges from earthquakes and invasions. It was a significant patriarchal see within Eastern Christianity. The city's importance declined after being conquered by the Sasanian Persians in the 6th century CE and later by Arab forces in the 7th century. Over centuries, its prominence waned, and much of its former glory lies in archaeological remains. The modern city of Antakya stands on or near the site of ancient Antiochia, preserving some of its historical legacy.