Antifoulingpäällysteet

Antifoulingpäällysteet, commonly known as antifouling paints, are specialized coatings applied to submerged surfaces, most notably the hulls of ships and boats, to prevent the accumulation of marine organisms. This accumulation, referred to as biofouling, can significantly impact a vessel's performance by increasing drag, fuel consumption, and potentially damaging the hull structure.

These coatings work by releasing biocides that are toxic to fouling organisms such as barnacles, algae, and mussels. The biocides are typically embedded within the paint matrix and are gradually released as the coating erodes or leaches into the surrounding water. The rate of release is carefully controlled to ensure effectiveness while minimizing environmental impact. Different types of antifouling paints exist, including self-polishing copolymers (SPCs) that wear away slowly, exposing fresh biocides, and hard matrix paints that remain intact and rely on leaching to release their active ingredients.

The choice of antifouling coating depends on various factors, including the type of vessel, its operational profile, water conditions, and regulatory requirements. While effective, the use of biocides in antifouling paints has led to environmental concerns, prompting research and development into more eco-friendly alternatives. These include biocide-free coatings that utilize physical mechanisms, such as creating slippery surfaces or altering the surface energy, to deter marine growth. Regulatory bodies worldwide monitor and restrict the use of certain biocides due to their potential ecological effects.