Antalgie

Antalgie, or analgesia, is the relief or absence of pain. In medical practice it denotes the processes and treatments aimed at reducing pain intensity and improving function and quality of life. The term derives from Greek anti, meaning against, and algia, meaning pain.

Pain assessment is central to antalgie. Pain is usually self-reported and evaluated with scales that rate intensity (for example 0–10), descriptions of quality (sharp, burning, dull), and duration, as well as factors that worsen or relieve it and the impact on activity, mood, and daily life. A multidimensional approach guides treatment decisions and monitoring.

Pharmacologic management includes non-opioid analgesics such as acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used for mild to moderate pain and inflammatory conditions. Opioid analgesics are employed for moderate to severe pain or when other options fail, with careful monitoring for adverse effects and dependence. Adjuvant analgesics, including antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, duloxetine) and anticonvulsants (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin), are particularly effective for neuropathic pain or comorbid conditions. Analgesics may be administered orally, topically, transdermally, or by injection. A multimodal approach combines several therapies to maximize relief while reducing side effects.

Non-pharmacologic methods complement drugs and can include physical therapy, occupational therapy, heat or cold therapy, nerve blocks, and neuromodulation in selected cases. Psychological and behavioral strategies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation, and education support coping and functional goals.

Safety and context are important: chronic pain, cancer-related pain, elderly patients, and pregnancy require tailored assessment. Risks with opioids, including tolerance and dependence, necessitate careful risk-benefit evaluation and ongoing monitoring.