Anioonilised

Anioonilised is an adjective used to describe substances, materials, or surfaces that carry a negative electric charge, or that have been modified to introduce negative charges (anions). The term derives from the noun anioon (anion) and the Estonian suffix -ilised, forming a descriptor of anionic character.

In chemistry and materials science, anioonilised substances possess negatively charged groups such as sulfonate, carboxylate, or phosphate units. This charge influences properties like solubility, interactions with cations and polar molecules, and behavior in aqueous solutions and under electric fields. The extent of anionicity depends on the chemical structure and the pH of the environment.

Common examples include anioonilised surfactants (such as alkyl sulfates and sulfonates) and anion-exchange resins used in water treatment and chromatography. Anionisation can also refer to surface modification methods that graft negatively charged groups onto polymers or minerals, creating an anionic surface that affects adsorption, catalysis, and electrostatic interactions.

Applications of anioonilised materials often rely on electrostatic attraction or repulsion, dispersion stability, and selective binding of species. In environmental engineering, anioonilised surfaces and polymers facilitate removal of negatively charged contaminants and certain metal ions. In biotechnology, negatively charged biomolecules and structured surfaces participate in interactions with positively charged proteins and ions.

The term is descriptive rather than indicating a distinct chemical class; it denotes a property that can arise through synthesis, deprotonation of acids, or functionalization. Related concepts include anion, anionic surfactants, and anion exchange.