Anguinus

Anguinus is a Latin adjective meaning snake-like or serpentine. In biological nomenclature, the term has been used as a species epithet, most notably in Proteus anguinus, the olm, a cave-dwelling salamander of Europe.

The olm, Proteus anguinus, is the best-known bearer of the epithet and serves as a primary example of its use. It is a small, elongated amphibian that has adapted to life in subterranean freshwater systems in the Dinaric karst region. The species is paedomorphic, retaining larval features such as external gills and an aquatic lifestyle throughout its life. It lacks functional eyes and pigment, giving it a pale, almost translucent appearance. Adults reach lengths of roughly 25 to 30 centimeters and rely on tactile and chemical cues to navigate and locate prey. Diet consists of small invertebrates and crustaceans found in cave waters.

Distribution and conservation status are closely tied to karst aquifers in Southeastern Europe, particularly in Slovenia and Croatia. The olm is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Major threats include groundwater pollution, over-extraction of aquifers, habitat disturbance, and climate-related changes in cave ecosystems. Conservation measures focus on protecting cave habitats, monitoring water quality, and maintaining the integrity of subterranean water networks. Several caves and karst areas are under protection or subject to species-specific management plans to safeguard this long-lived, cave-adapted amphibian.