Androstenones

Androstenones are a group of steroid compounds that are naturally produced in the bodies of many mammals, including humans. Specifically, androstenones are classified as androstanes, a class of steroid hormones derived from androstane. The most well-known androstenones are androstadienone and androstadienol. These compounds are often found in body fluids such as urine, sweat, and saliva. They are also present in animal products like boar meat and pig scent glands.

The biological role of androstenones is still a subject of ongoing research. In some animal species, they are known to function as pheromones, chemical signals that influence the behavior of other individuals of the same species. For example, androstadienone has been studied for its potential effects on mood, arousal, and social cognition in humans, although findings are mixed and often debated.

Androstenones are synthesized from cholesterol through a series of enzymatic reactions within the adrenal glands and gonads. Their presence can be detected through various analytical methods, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. While naturally occurring, synthetic versions of androstenones have also been produced for research purposes. The study of androstenones contributes to our understanding of steroid metabolism and potential signaling pathways in both animals and humans.