Ancilia

Ancilia refers to the historical term for Roman military standards, particularly the eagle (aquila) carried by a legion. These standards were highly significant, representing the honor and reputation of the legion. The loss of an ancile was a grave disgrace, often leading to desperate attempts to recover it. Ancilia were housed in a special shrine within the legionary camp, and their care was entrusted to experienced soldiers.

The ancilia played a crucial role in Roman military ceremonies and religious practices. They were paraded during triumphs and were central to the legion's rituals. The eagle itself was a symbol of Jupiter, the king of the gods, and thus was imbued with divine authority. The standard-bearer, known as the aquilifer, held a position of great respect and responsibility.

Beyond the aquila, other types of standards were also known as ancilia. These could include vexilla (flags) and other symbolic objects carried by different military units. However, the term is most commonly associated with the legionary eagle. The traditions surrounding ancilia persisted throughout the Roman Republic and Empire, underscoring their enduring importance in Roman military identity and practice.