Anarkokommuna

Anarkokommuna is a term used in some languages to refer to anarcho-communism or to the idea of an anarchist commune. It describes a social model in which communities govern themselves without a centralized state or capitalist property relations, relying instead on voluntary association, mutual aid, and common ownership of the means of production.

Core features typically associated with anarkokommuna include direct democracy or participatory decision making, collective or communal ownership of resources, and the abolition of hierarchical authority within the community. Work and production are organized through cooperative labor, with decisions made by the members through councils, assemblies, or consensus processes. Economic exchanges, where they occur, emphasize reciprocity and solidarity rather than market competition.

Historically, anarchist thinkers such as Bakunin, Kropotkin, and Malatesta influenced the development of anarchist communes and the broader idea of anarcho-communism. In practice, various periods and movements have been cited as examples, including the anarchist collectives during the Spanish Civil War and certain self-managed communities in the early 20th century. More recently, some intentional communities and regional experiments have drawn on anarchist-communist ideals, though implementations vary widely.

Critics argue that anarcho-communist models face challenges related to coordination at larger scales, economic calculation, defense, and sustainability. Proponents contend that decentralized, directly democratic structures can enhance resilience, equality, and freedom by removing coercive state or corporate hierarchies. The term remains primarily descriptive of a political philosophy and a range of practical experiments rather than a single, unified program.