Analüüsid

Analüüsid, or analyses in English, are systematic examinations used to understand data, texts, phenomena, or processes by breaking them into components and examining relationships among them. The term is used across disciplines to describe the practice of interpreting information to draw conclusions and to reveal underlying structures or patterns.

Analüüsid vary by purpose and approach. Descriptive analyses summarize characteristics of a data set. Inferential analyses draw conclusions about a population from sample data. Exploratory analyses search for patterns, relationships, or anomalies without pre-specified hypotheses. In the humanities and social sciences, analyses include textual analysis, content analysis, discourse analysis, and thematic analysis.

Process and quality: Typical steps are formulating a question, collecting relevant data, selecting an analysis method, processing and coding data, performing computations or qualitative interpretation, and reporting results. Researchers assess reliability and validity and may use triangulation to strengthen conclusions.

Tools and examples: Quantitative analyses commonly use statistical software such as R, SPSS, or Stata. Qualitative analyses may employ software like NVivo or MAXQDA, or rely on manual coding. Examples include statistical testing of experimental results, thematic coding of interview transcripts, or content analysis of media coverage.

Analüüsid are foundational to evidence-based reasoning, decision-making, and critical interpretation across sciences, engineering, humanities, and public life.